TABULATION 



or •* 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



By J. A. KING. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 



UNITED STATES OF AaiERICA. 



ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS IN THE YEAR 1886. 

By J. A. KING. 

AT THE OFFICE OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS. AT WASHINGTON. D. C. 



"^==:^i^P--"' 



TABULATION 



OF 



ONITED STATES HISTORy 



Prepared for Use in the Author's Classes 



V^ 



i^^ 



BY J. A. KING, 



*'HAIK OF HISTORY, MICHIGAN STATK NOKMAI, SClIOOl- 



-J/A 



26^; 



BRIGHTON, MICM. 

(K>E BROS., PUBLISHERS 

1886 

0^ <^ CI. . 



The Growtl] of the I]atioii 

FROM 1607 TO 1789. 

EARLY COLONIAL HISTORY. 

\'ir<:'iiiia — iainestown. 
KioT rndcr a Coinmereial Corporation, 

Vested rights of the Company. 
Possession of Soil. 
Sovereignty in Government. 
N'ested rights of Colony^none before 1(5:^1. 
1()1!> House of Burgesses convened. 

Hi21 Vested riglits of House. 

Law mailing with checks. 
Judicial— court of appeal. [taxation, 
l()2.i The House declare their exclusive right of 

WH riuler a Royal Governor. 

UJl'.'i a Constitution declared by the King. 

Officers accountable to the King. 
Assembly not forbidden. 
\M'l Powers under the Constitution. 

Executive — Royal Governor and Council- 
Judicial — Governor and Council. 
Legislative — House of Burgesses. 
Checked by royal veto. 
Exclusive right of taxation- 

Gt'iicral Characteristics. 

Religion— Established Church. 
Education— Schools discouraged. 
Social growth— by the Baronial idea— aristoc- 
racy of large landed estates, 
l.and tenure— subinfeudation. 
— law of Entail. 
Slavery— an institution. 
The franchise— enjoyed by all freemen. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 



Point. To show that the Colouies were self goveriiiiig luider 
Constitutions based on natural law. 



Laud Grant. 200 miles north and south from Old Point Comfort, 
from sea to sea, all islands within 100 miles on either shore, and the 
Bernoudas. 



Both House and Company held the negative vote. 

The value of this Declaration lay in the fact that it was the state* 
ment of the common law on which the constitution ought to rest. 



This constitution, with few changes^ remained the law of Ihe 
colony vintil the revolution. 



The original grant to the company reverted to the crown, and the 
colony became a royal fief. 



Read. Doyle, English Colonies. Loijoe, English Colonies. 
CooKE, History of Virginia. Story, Commentaries on the Consti- 
tution. Scott, Development of Constitutional Liberty. ( liap. II. 



TABULATION. 



>Ia.ssaelni.setts. 

lH:i(» Plymouth colony — Plymouth. 

The "Compact."— local self government. 

p]xecutive— Governor and Council. 

Legislative — Ueneral Assembly. 

.Judicial — Court of Magistrates. 
General Characteristics. 

Religion— Independents. 

Schools— supported by tax. 

Social growth— by towns and villages. 

Land tenure— fee simple. 

Slavery— allowed . 

lHi*it Hay colony— Boston. 

Under a chartered company 

Vested rights of the company. 
To elect all officers. 
To appoint place of meeting. 
To admit new members. 
To dispose of the land grant. 
To exercise sovereignty in the 
colony. 
Place of meeting — Boston, New Kng. 
Object — to found a Puritan Common- 
wealth . 
The colonists gradually admitted to 

membership. 
The government as administered. |cil. 
Executive — Governor and Coun- 
Legislative — General Court. 
Judicial — Court of Magistrates. 
1H44 Two hou^3PS of Ijegislature. 

Ifi44 Laws compiled. Body of Liberties. 

Powers of General Court. fbers. 

Administered oath to mem- 
Voted taxes. 
Established courts. 
Passed laws. 

16H4 The King annulled the charter, 

Andros — Governor General. 
l<iS!» Revolt— A Provisional Government. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 



Land Grant, obtained from the Council of Plyrnoutli, l)ul never 
confirmed by the King, included all land from the Cohasset to the 
Narraaranset. 



All freemen were admitted to the franchise. 

The pilgrims had separated from the Church of Kniiland, and did 
not rely upon (fivil authority to enforce their creed. 



Land purchased from the Council of Plymouth and contirined l)y 
the King, extended fiom three miles south of the Charles rivei- li» 
three miles north of the MerrimaCs 



Only members of the Puritan church could take the coiu|)any':' 
oath of allegiance. Church members only held the franchise. 



The General Court consisted of the governor and council, of 
eighteen assistants, and the freemen of thecohuiy. 



1632. They l)egau to send deputies ele(;ted in town meeting' 
instead of the whole body of freemen. 

This Colon.v-conipany remained an indepen<leni state for fifty 
years. 



TABULATION'. 



1(;<)1 Provincial charter granted. 

Territory incorporated. [Scotia. 

Bay, Plymouth, Maine, Nova 
Government established. 

Executive — Royal Governor. 
Legislative — House of Deputies, 
Royal veto except in tax- 
ation, [the Governor. 
Judicial — Judges appointed by 
General Characteristics. 

Religion — Non conformists. 
— a national church. 
.Schools— supported by tax. 
Social growth — towns and villages. 
Land tenure — fee simple. 
Slavery — allowed. 

UV.i-2 Maiylana— St. Mary'.s, 

lender Lord Baltimore — Proprietary. 
Vested rights of proprietary. 
Possession of soil. 
Sovereignty of colony. 

Executive — levy subsidies. 
— create manors. 
— confer titles. 
— erect ports, etc. 
Legislative — with consent of 

freemen. 
Judicial — court of magistrates. 
— courts baron. 
Ib'8^> A permanent assembly organized. 

fjegislation on atfairs. 
I():5!> The Colonial Magna Charta. 

1()4!) Thp Toleration Act. 

KmO Claimed exclusive right of taxation. 

lt)!K» English church established. 

I7ll> The Test and Adjuration Act. 

General Characteristics. 

Religion — tolerant with strife. 
Schools — neglected. 
Social growth — by plantations. 
Land tenure — subinfeudation. 

— oO acres in fee simple. 
Slavery — early an institution. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 



All lestriotious on the franehise were removed. The experiment 
of a Putitan stale had failed. 



Read. Early History of Massachusetts. (Lowell Institute Lec- 
tures.) Palfrey, New England. Oliver, Puritan Common^ 
wealth. WiNTHKOP, New Enfiland. 



Land (Granted to Baltimore extended north from the Potomac 
to the fortieth degree, and east to the ocean. He held the soil by feu- 
dal tenure, paying allegiance and one fifth of all gold and silver 
found there. 



Meetings to be regularly called. The house composed of repre- 
sentatives elected by the freemen. Subsequently this House of As' 
sembly met in an upper and a lower house. 



kead. Maryland— Commonwealth Series. 



TABULiATION . 



1614 New York — Dutch trading posts. 
1621 Under the West India (Company . 

Grant to trade and colonize. 
1628 Sub-grants given to the "patroons." 

1649 The colonists ask for "Municipal Liberties. 

lHo3 An "Aasembly of Deputies" not prevented. 

1663 A popular assembly demand protection. 

1664 Surrendered to the English. 

Duke of York — Lord Proprietary. 
Vested rights of Proprietary. 
Patent of soil. 
Powers of government. 
Taxes levied by a general assembly. 
The government very unpopular. 
1682 An assembly authorized. 

1688 A Royal Province. 

Executive — Royal Governor. 
Legislative — assembly of deputies. 
Judicial — crown magistrates, 
1691 The Declaration of the assembly. 

Legislative rights. 
Land tenure — " common socage. " 
Trial by jury. 
Taxation by consent. 
Toleration except the Catholic. 
General characteristics. 
Religion — tolerant. 
Schools — indifferent. 
Social growth — by plantations. 

—by towns and villages. 
Land tenure — subinfeudation. 

— " free and common socage.' 
Slavery — allowed. 

Connecticut. 

Early settlements. 
1635 Windsor, Hartford, Weatherstield. 

Supreme power in the freemen. 
Vested in a general court. 

1638 New Haven— Puritan. 

Supreme power in the freemen. 
Vested in a general court. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 



Xo specific land grant given to them. 



This assembly was an expression of the determined will of the 
people. 



Land Grant. Lay between the Connecticnt and the Delaware 
rivers, including Long Island. 



.Jersey was the same year transferred to Lord Berkeley and Sir 
Geo. Cartaret. 



Xo effort was made to administer without an assembly, though 
James frequently ignored its rights. 



Thes*^ principles were maintained by continual resistance during 
the colonial period. 



The Catholics were subjected to much adverse legislation, and 
finally disfranchised. 



The Dutch Patroons have ever been the cause of serious ":inti- 
rent" difficulties. 



All who took the oath of fidelity were entitled to thf- franchise. 



The franchise was limited to chuich meuil>ership. 



I(» TABtTLATIOK, 



1062 Provincial charter granted. 

Patent of soil. 
Powers of government. 

Vested in an assembly of deputies. 
Elect officers. 
Establish laws. 
Appoint Judicatories, 
^lake freemen. 
Punish offenders. 

General characteristics, the same as in the other 
New England colonies. 

iTfv") Siiinniary of Civil Iii.stitutions. 

Massachusetts — Royal province. 

Holding a charter. 
Connecticut — Self governing. 

Holding a royal charter. 
New York — Royal province, [law. 

Unwritten constitution, based on common 
Maryland — Proprietary. | prietary , 

Holding a constitution granted by the Pro- 
Virginia — Royal province. [the king. 

Holding a written constitution granted by 

Suggestion. Compare other colonies in these meutioued par- 
ticulars ; note the distributiou of the powers of iroveruineiit in each ; 
where similar, where dissimilar; the land tenure, proprietariej*, 
vompanies, and individuals. 



THE ''COLONIAL SYSTEM" 

()1{ THK H ELATION OF THE COLONIES TO ENGLAND. 

(jireiieral Statement. 

The colonies were subject to British sovereignty. 
Acknowledging personal allegiance. 
Claiming protection, 

Specific Statement. 

The colonies were British Dominions. 

" Free and common socage " tenants, 

Liocal self-governing. 

Holding constitutions based on natural law 



KOTKS AND KEVUHENCES. 11 



Grant given to the incorporate eompaiiy, known as the Governor 
and Company of Counectieut in New England, extended from the 
Narraganset on the east, Massachusetts on the north, the sea on the 
south, west to the South sea. Tiie coast line on the south extended 
forty marine leagues measured on a straight line, south and west 
from the Narraganset, this patent joined New Haven to Connecticut. 



Questions. What exceptions to the royal judicial power '! What 
was the question in civil troubles in Pennsylvania ? How long was 
the Baj' colony under a corporate company ? What colonies held 
provincial charters ? The double object in founding the Bay colony 'i 
What was the basis of the company legislation in the Bay colony ? 
In what colonies was freedom of conscience legal ? What was the 
Puritan idea of freedom of conscience ? 



Point. To show that the relation was not political l)ttt coiilmei' 
cial, a matter of trade merely. 



In consequence o£ the socJige being one tifth of the gold And sil- 
ver, none of which was found, this land came to be practically free- 
hold. After a few years there was almost an entire absence of lease- 
hold estates, 



12 TABUIjATION. 



Claiming? as inalienable rights. 
Trial by jury. 
Right of petition. 
Taxation with consent. 

The colonies were British Dependencies. 

Controlled by English monopoly. 

The " Restrictive System." 

Foreign commerce regulated. 
16H(» Act securing English carrying trade. 

l<)<).'} Act to " encourage trade. " [trade. " 

l<i72 Act "the better to secure Plantation 

Internal trade and manufactories. 
1692 Act of trade—" Woolen goods. " 

1782 — " Hats. " 

1738 — " Molasses. " 

17r)0 —"Iron" 

17fi7 — All enumerated articles. 

ConipeuHatioii to the Colonists in the System. 

Pecuniary profit from the use of English capital. 

Political freedom. 

FLxemption from Imperial Taxation and service. 



ALIENATION FROM ENGLAND. 

(TCiieral Statement. 

First cause — the colonial system itself. 
Occasioning collision of interests. 

Second cause — English ignorance. 
Ill directed coercion. 

Third cause — the municipal institution of the col- 
Fostering resolute resistance. |onies. 

Fourth cause— oppression of English debt. 
Necessity of taxation. 

Specitic Statement. 

External taxes. 

Navigation acts. 
Trade acts. 



SOTKS AND REFERENCES. V^ 



Tlie colonies from the first maintained tliat the i)rinciples of lejris- 
Jiition were essentially distinct from the principles of taxation. The 
•^ame j)osition was maintained l)j' many English statesmen. 



Freedom as acjtizen depended upon subjection as a trader. 

Tlie Restrictive System was artificial, based on Parliamentary 
enactments instead of natural law. 

Impost for revenue is a thinjr political, not ec(uiomical. It is 
taxation. 



Read Wirt, Patrick Henry. Burke, Speech on American Taxa- 
tion. Chatham, Speeches. Scott, Constitutional DeveIoi)ment . 



Point. To show that the jjolitical condition of t lie colonies was 
violated. 



"3Iontesquleu, when he discovered the long-lost title deeds of 
humanity, failed to discoveramongst them, indistinct specification, 
t iie title deeds of colonial rights. 



The spirit of the English institutions demanded free trade. 

"External tax" is used in its broad general seuse, implying any 
thing which burdens or restricts. It is here applied to all acts 
regulating external trade or (!ominerce, as well as to those restrict in« 
manufactures. 



14 TABULATION'. 





Results — Smug:gling, not disreputable. 




— Writs of assistance. 




—Board of Commissioners. 




Internal taxes. 


176.-> 


Stamp Act— passage. 




—results. 


1766 


—repeal. 


1767 


Tax on tea, lead, etc.— passage. 




—results. 


nn> 


—repeal. 


177(> 


Tax on tea alone. 




Company tea ships. 


1773 


Boston tea party. 




Oppressive acts of British Parliament. 


176r> 


Mutiny act. 


176H 


Troops sent to Boston. 




Boston massacre. 




Colonial assemblies dissolved. 


1774 


Boston Port Bill. 


177r» 


Regulating acts. 




Results— Committee of correspondence. 




—Colonial societies. 




—Provisional governments. 




— Continental Congresses. 



PROCEEDINGS OF CONGRESSES. 

1()9(> First Colonial Congress — New York. 

Call from Massachusetts. 
Delegates from— Plymouth. 

— Conneticutt. 

— New York. 

— Massachusetts. 
Object— to plan an invasion against Canada. . 
I7r»4 Second Colonial Congress— Albany. 
Call from Massachusetts. 
Delegates— from all north the Potomac. 
Object — ilefense in the French war. 
Measure— Treaty with the Six Nations. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 15 



Read James Otis' Life, and works on the Writs of Assistance. 



Read. Doyle, Prize Essay on the British colonies. Greene, 
Historical view of the American Colonies. Story, Vol. I, Chap. XVI. 
For illustration. Coffin, Pearly Colonial Days. 



Sons of Liberty. Daughters of Liberty. 



Point. A common enemy called out a common defense; Unioli 
and Congress were the natural results; 



Delegates, twenty-five in number, were men of distinction. A 
plan for a British union was discussed. The colonies were to be in- 
corporated into one province under the crown. 



16 TABULATION. 



17(r> Tliiril Colonial Congrress— New York. 

Call— Massachusett's circular letter. 
Delegates — from nine colonies. 
Object — to resist Eni^lish ajjj'gression . 
Measures — petition to the king:. 

— memorial to Parliament. 

— " Declaration of Uisrhts." 

1774 First Contiuentiil Congress. 

Call — simultaneous from several colonies. 
Deletjates— fifty-two. Georgia not in. 
Object — to resist P^ngli^h oppression. 
Measures— petition to the king. 

—petition to Parliament. Idomiaions. 

—memorial to the people of the p]nglish 

Ini|)ortaut measures. 

Ruled one vote for each colony. 

Proposed another congress. [Colonies." 

Formed the " .\ssociation of the Uruted 

177o Second ('ontinental Conjjrress — Philadelphia. 

May Delegates — from all the colonies. 

Executed the will of a sovereign people. 

Took measures for active resistance. 

Created a treasury. 

Erected a general post oflftce. 

Final address to the king. 
Aug. Adjourned to await a reply to the address. 

Sept. Reassembled to conduct the war. 

Organized a navy. 
Nov. Appointed a committee of secret correspon- 

dence. 
May '7H Recommended the forming of Colonial gov- 

ernments. 
.June 10 Named committee on Independency. 

•June 11 Named committee on Confederation. 

Appointed foreign embassadors. 
.July Declaration of independen ce. 

By the direction of the several colonies. 
Nov. '77 Articles of confederation adopted. 

1775 Alliance with France. 

Mar. 'SI Articles of confederation ratified l)y all the 

states. 
Close of the Revolntionarv Government. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 



Delegates, twenty-seven in number, came from all the colonies 
except Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina and New Hampshire. 



Read. On the Stamp Act Congress; Storv. Vol. I, page i;«. Ban- 
croft. Doyle, Prize Essay on the English Colonies. Green, Histori- 
cal View. 



The Articles of the Association became the foundation of all the 
provisional governments This was the first instanceof general law- 
making in the colonies. It was in fact the exercise of sovereign 
power. 

In fact before "The Declaration" the colonies recognized the 
sovereignty of the people in congress assembled. See Story, i)age 
144. Hildreth, History of U. S. 



Secret correspondence (M)mmittee was the beginning of foreign 
relations. Dean was sent to France, Lee to London, Dumas to the 
Hague. In December 76, Franklin went to London. See Green, His- 
torical View. Parton, Life of Franklin, Life of Beaumarchais. 



The colonies became independent of England by the voice of the 
continental congress. They had always been independent in regard 
to each other. The Declaration of Independence closed the revolu- 
tion. 

The Revolution was both democratic and conservative. Its end 
was to preserve, not to destroy or build afresh. See Scott. Devel- 
opment of Constitutional Liberty. 



IH" TAiJCLATXON'. 



FORMATION OF THE UNION. 

Early Attempts. 

HyA'i New England Confederation- 

Four colonies. 
For defense. 
1<)1»<> Congress. 

Defense against invasion. 
17.')4 Albany Convention. 

Franklin's plan of union. 
Revolutionary Kveiits. 
17()'> Stamp Act congress. 

'7(1 to '7:5 Party organization. 

Correspondence Committees. 
1774 Congress — 

Forjned " Association of United Colonies, 
'7') and '7(! Congress. 

Assumed national power / 
Declared colonies, "Independent States." 
'70 to '81 War congress. 

Carried on the war. 
Kstablished permanent governmenl. 
1781 Confederation. 

History of articles. 

Ratification — process. 

— objections. 
— order of states. 
Government— congress of delegates. 
Powers of congress. 
Powers of states. 
Defects — ^lacks coercive power. 

— no judiciary. 
Important events. 

'Ts7 Passed Ordinance of Northwest Territory, 

Recommended a Convention. 

May to .Sept. The work of the convention. 

A new constitution. 

17s,s Reported to Congress. 

Submitted the constitution to the people. 



KOTES ANU UEPEKENCES. 19 



Read. Fkothingham, Rise of the Republic. Wells. Life of 
Samuel Adams. The latter is very full on Correspondenee ('oin- 
mil tees. 



Parties w>^(jre known as popUlat", and i)ierogative. I'he populai' 
party divided on questions of independency into moderate and radi- 
«!al. 

Ratified and executed by all except Georgia and New York. 
Read^ Un the American Association. Hildketh, Vol, III. page4fi. 



IRead. The Federalist. Story, CoinmentarieSi 



Read. Bancroft, Vol's. XI anii Xll. 



ai) TABtrLATIDX. 

Jan. The Coii.stitiition. 

ITS!) History— drawn by, etc. 

Rati tieat ion — process. 

— objections. 

Mar. 4 Government — orj^anized. 

( )tiicors — Presiden t. 

— Vice-President. 
Congress — Senate. 

— House of Representatives. 
Executive department — State. 
—War. 
— Treasury. 
Judiciary — Supreme court. 
— District courtvS. 



Tl]e l^epublic 

FROM 1789 TO 1870. 



IMPORTANT LEGISLATION. 

As to Finance. 

For revenue. 

Imposts — repeatedly adjusted. 
l.S!() —Dallas Taritl". 

Tonnage acts. 
Direct ta.xes— to meet war e.\ peases. 

— source and trefiueiicy. 
Excise— Whiskey etc. 
17!>i Whiskey insurrection. 

In regard to the original debt. 
Assumption act. 
Funding hill. 
For protection. 
1828 American taritt'. 

1832 Modified. 

llesults, South Carolina Xuiliticatinn. 
is.};} Compromise tariff. 

'IM to '7(1 Repeatedly readjusted. 

l''or the National Bank. 

()l)ject, powers, charter, sinking liiiid. 
As t<» Foreign Attairs. 

With Algiers. | ping. 

17!t.'t Tre:dy— cause— interference with V. .S. ship- 

— terms — I'. S. paid a yearly tribute. 
With liarbary States. 
181o Treaty — close of war. 

Terms — released from tribute, and 
U. S. cononerce rt'spcclcd. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 2J5 



"Direct" tax is limited to the tax appoitioned ainoiifi the states* 
according to the population of each. 

Read. Hildueth, Vol. \', page '224:-'Mi. 

MoonE, Life of Hamilton. McMastek, Histoiy of the United 
States, Vol. I. page 566, seq. Foreign debt was *11,701,;{7K. domestic 
debt M'.iAU,08b. These besides the state debts. 



Pitkin, Life of Ciay, History- of United States. Pahtox, Life of 
Jackson. Gibbs, Administration of Washington and Adams. R(»i,i,es' 
Financial Histo?\y of the United States. 

Read. Tkescot, Diplomatic History' of the Administ lations of 
Washington and Adams. Parton. Life of Jackson. 



United States had yet to establish a national imiependeuce recog- 
nized by nations. The paying tribute was a necessity at the time- 



24 TABULATION. 



With Spain. 

1795 Treaty— cause— obstruction of tlie Mississippi . 

—occupation of West Florida. 
— terms — free navigation of tlie river, 
—boundary of Florida. 
1819 Treaty of purchase and cession. 

Terms— Florida ceded to the U.S. 

— Boundary between U. S. and 

Spain. 
— Claims on Texas yielded in 
consideration of Spanish 
release of Oregon. 
With France. 

Early relations. 

Secret correspondence committee. 
Dean and Franklin. 
1778 Treaty — commerce and friendship. 

—offensive and defensive alli- 
ance. 
1783 Treaty of peace— France a party. 

1793 Neutrality — proclamation. 

Violated by France. [ships. 

Seizure of produce on neutral 
Embargo on American shipping 
in the port of Bordeaux. 

1794 Monroe — envoy to France. 

Serious quarrel made worse, (binding. 

1795 All old treaties with France declared not 
17!)i» Envoys — Murray, Davie, p]llsworth. 

ISOU A convention agreed upon. [lations. 

Concerning commerce and neutral re- 
1803 Treaty of purchase and cession. 

Louisiana ceded to the United States. 
Likewise two conventions agreed upon. 

Regulated the terms of payment for 

Louisiana. 
Concerned the debts and losses. 

With England. 

17K3 Treaty— United States Independence. 

— boundary sj»ecified. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 25 



Boundary between Spain and the United States began in the 
Gulf of Mexico at the nioutli of the Sal)ine, continued north along 
the western bank of that river to the thirty-second degree of latitude ; 
thence direct north to the Red ; west along the Red to one hundred 
degrees of longitude west from London ; crossed the Red and due 
north to the river Arliansas ; followed the southern bank of Arkansas 
to its source in the forty-second degree parallel; thence by that 
parallel west to the Pacific ocean. 



Read. McMaster, History. Vol. II. page 256, seq. Life of Gerry 
Life of Pinckney. 



There was much excitement about the X.Y.Z. dispatches. 
These matters became the subjeet of a good deal of ridicule in songs 
poems, dramatic pieces and pamphlets. 



On the extent of the Louisiana purchase. See BrVant, History 
of United States. McMastek, page 623, seq. History of Oregon, 
Commonwealth series. 



26 TABULATION. 



1793 Neutrality proclamation. 

Violated by England. 

Seizure of neutral ships, [men. 
Impressment of American sea- 
Interference witli slaves. 
Jay, envoy extraordinary. 

1794 Euibargo for sixty day.s. [affairs. 

Cause — England interferes in Indian 

1795 Treaty— Known as the Jay treaty. 

Rights of searcii retained. 
Events following the treaty. 

Impressment continued. 
"Orders" from England. 
" Decrees" from France. 
Coasting trade interrupted. 
Affairs with the Chesai)eake. 
1807 Embargo act. 

1809 Non-intercourse act. 

1812 War declared witii England. 

1814 Treaty of (client. 

Terms— peace. 

— north boundary mentioned. 
— .slave trade disapproved. 



-^ •■ ^^ 



NATIONAL DOMAINS. 

Territory iiain<-d iii the Treaty. 

Thirteen original states. 

Two original territories alterward formed from 
state cession. 
Northwest territory. 
1781 New York cession. |l!ii)(l Mountains 

From Great Lakes to ('umi)er- 

1784 Virginia cession. |sissiiu)i. 

All north of the Ohio to the Mi^- 
Reservation — Military Lands. 

1785 Massachusetts cession. 

Western charter claims. 
1686 Connecticut cession. 

Western charter claims. 



NOTES AND REFEUENCES. 



Read. Life of John Jay, 



Jay, Life aiKl Works. Gibhs, Adiniiiistriition. H iluiuoth. l.M 
series, Vol. 1. Bexton, Abridgment. Hamilton, Wot ks, espreially 
the letters signed Camillus, Mawison, Works. 



This war was often spoken of as a sei'onrl %var for Independence- 
The United States by it became a nation not only at home, bnt also 
among nations abroad. 



All hinds, known as crown lands, lying within the aeknowled; 
limit became stale lands. 



Xew York rcstt^l h»^i- chiiitis on licaties made widi tlie Six Na- 
tions. 

Virginia I't-sted her chiims on the ground of sel t lemenl iind i)iO' 
tection in wai'. 



Western Reserve was a tract lying west of and adjacent to Penn- 
sylvania, I'M miles long and inclnded betweesi the lake and t lie xuii h' 
ern parallel of the cession. It was ceded to tiie geneial jzovi iiihk nl 
in ISOO. 



28 TAHrLATION'. 

Reservation — Western Reserve, 
Southwest territory. 
1787 South Carolina cession— charter claim. 

A strip twelve miles wide south 
of and along the 35° parallel. 
171)0 North Carolina cession — charter 

claim. 

Reservations, soldiers' claims, 
land ifnints, etc. 
\S(yi Georgia cession— claim partly charter. 

Condition of cession. 
$1,2()0,0()0 from j.ublic land sales. 
Extinguishment of Indian titles. 
500,000 acres or proceeds of their 
sale. 
Acquired Territory. 
1803 Louisiana Purchase— from France. 

1812 Mount Desert and a few other islands — Treaty 

of Ghent. 
1811) Florida Purchase — from 8pain. 

Oregon claim acknowledged by Hpain, 
1845 Texas Annexation. [and Spain, 

History — claim disj)uted between France 
t81!> —became part of Spain. 

183t> — Republic— seceded from Mexico. 

1838 — Recognized in a convention with 

the U. S. 

1844 Congress rejects an annexation treaty. 

1845 Feb. Annexed by joint resolution, 

Dec. Admitted into the union by Joint re- 

solution. 
* Result— War with Mexico. 

1848 Mexican cession, Treaty of (iaudaliij)e Hidalgo, 

Texas annexation. 

All territory north of the boundary line 
up the middle of the Rio Grande to 
the southern boundary line of New 
Mexico, west along that line to the 
termination; thence n orth to the first 
branch of the Gila, down the middle of 
the Gila to the Rio Colorado, and 



NOTES ANU REFERBNCKS. 



Eiuhiared ill the present slate of Tenessee lietwtH'ii tlin parallel 
of thirtj-six degrees tliiity iTiiiiutes and thatof thirty-five (lejijees. 

(leorjiia cession lay helweeii the present limits of that stale and 
the Mississippi. The soul lieTii part was rlispiite'l willi tin* jieiieral 
government. 



On the eMent of 1 lie 'Lduisiana pnxhase see Huyant, I'opular 
History 



The Spanish provinees in America hecame in ISlil the ITniled 
States of Me.xieo, iinlependenl. of Spain. 



The llei)Ml»lie of Texas ti.xed its eastern Ixxindary as that in the 
1S1<» trt^fy between U. S. and Spain. The western was alonj: the Rio 
(irande rivei' to its sonree, thenee north to the parallel of 4:1 dejrrees. 



Tin- secession of Texas had in'ver' lieen foiinally recognized t)y 
the Kovernment of Mexico, althonjih hev position had l)een main- 
tained by success in arms. 



tAUULATrON'. 



follow the division line hetween I'p- 
per and Lower C'alilornia to the 
Pacific ocean, or thence from the center 
of the (rila to a point one marine ieatrne 
south of the southernmost j)oint ot the 
Port of San Diejjo. 
185;? (iadsden Purchase- from Mexico. 

Southern boundary — be{j;an on the Hio 
Grande at ;>1°47' ran due west KHi miles; 
i^outh to .■]1° 20'; thence west alony the 
said parallel to the meridian of IIT; 
thence in a straifiht line to a point on 
the Rio Colorado twenty English uiiles 
below the Gila; thence up the said river 
to its intersection with the boundary fix- 
ed between tiie I'nited Sti^te,'^ aiKl 
Mexiiro. 
ls()7 Alaska purchase — froni Hn»ia. 

Cost— $7,2()U,(K)(». 

Hxtent— r)77,;}!)Os(i. mi., (>i;{()9,r)29,6()()Mcres. 
Bouiidai-.v iJnes. 
178.') ()rij|fiiiai Territory. 

North— St. Croix and the (ireat Lakes. 
East— Atlantic. 
South — Florida. 
17!)") Confirmed in a treaty with Spain. 

West — Mississippi river. 
Snltsequent additions and corrections. 
Northeastern. 
J7!>"* .Jay Treaty— 'I'o determine and survey the 

Mississippi and St. Croix. 
lsi4 Treaty of Ghent— 'i'o determine from the 

St. Croix to the St. Lawrence river. 
IS27 A C(>nvention todetermine the line njimed 

in '14 Treaty. 
1.S12 Webster— Ashburton Treaty. 

Established tlie line as named in 's;i 
Treaty and also '14 Treaty, as far 
as the most western waters oftln^- 
Lake of the \N oods. 



NDTKS ANt) KlCKEKKNt'KS. 



:H 



The fXatl liiU' Dtdelnsirkutioii has iiut l>eeii tiiiiilly sel lit-tl. 'I'ln' 
puiehase included that territory formerly known as llnssian Poss- 
essions. 

Tim entire sueii of AhisUa is [)ulilic ('oiniiiion. 



Tivaty of fi ienilsliij), lunltsand navijialioni made at San Loren/.i 
el Real. Tlit^ sanie iresitv eoufii'iiied the weslci n l)onn(larv. 



The C'Oiiunissioii for fnarkiiii; the sonrce of (he Mississippi Jiivel 
finished work in 171)8. 

C'<)niniissioii fiiiied to ajiree thonjih the lines were i nn ami mai k-" 

ed in 1«18. 

As in the treaty of (Jhetit tlie qnestion was lefi to Iheai bilration 
of the Kiny f)f the Kel herhuKls. Rejected by hot h coonliies. 



TAUI'LATION. 



Norllicni. between Lake of the Woods hikJ 

Kocky Mountains. 

ISIH Treaty of Landon extetided the line from 

the most western part of the Lake of the 

Woods to and along: the 4ir parallel to 

the Rocky Mountains. 

Phis line atHrmed in '27 Treaty. 
Fidly eoiitirined in '42 Tre;ity. 
Northern, we>^t of the lioeky Mountains. 
( 'ontinued trouble and nefjotiations. 
1X24 Treaty with Russia named the .')4° W 

parallel. 
|S4(} ( )rej<on Treaty, fixed pandlel 4!* west to 

channel of Fuca, and by the ndddle of 
these straits to the sea. 
1871 Washington Treaty — western water way, 

by arbitration of the Emperor of Ger- 
1S72 many was de('ide<l to be the ('anal do 

llaro. 
Kastern. 
17,S;{ Definitive Treaty — with Kn^land. 

1K17 PnVehase Treaty —with Spain. 

Southern. 
I,S(I.'{ Purchase Treaty with France — Louisiana. 

l.Slil Purchase Treaty with* Spain — Florida to 

the Sabine. 
1S4;"» Annexation of Texas— extencU'd the l)<)und- 

ary from the Sal>ine to the llio(irande. 
IS-IS Mexicaji ce-sion— fixed the Ilio Grande up 

to parallel ;{1° 47', and west of the 
Colorado. 
IS."),'' (Jadsdeii Purchase— from p;iralle| ."tr 47' 

to the Colorado. 
Wf^ti-rn. 
IHP.t < )rt'<j:on Treaty — north of parallel 42 . 

1K4S ( Juadaliipe Hidalgo — from 1 league >;outh 

of San Diego novth to parallel 42''. 
isCT Alaska purchased from Russia. 



N<>'l'i:S AM) KKI'KHKNt'lOS 



(^oiiceniinjr Mie survey and inakiiiji of Mie- bouiHlary. Sc 
a te FiX. Doc. 41, second session of forty-fouvth ("ongress. 
I>if'c and Works of \Vpl)slei' ..u tlie tr.'alv of 1S4'.'. 



8en- 



1825 Entiland and Russia in a treaty llxed the eastern boundary 
of the Russian (himininn along the present eastern line ()f Alaska. 



( )n the Knylish occupation of Oregon, see History of Oregon — 
• Commonwealth series. 



TAMI'T-A'IION 



K;ist('rii limit as definod in 2') treaty. 



HISTORY OF SLAVERY. 

KJlilto 

1820 rirsf l*<'ri<Ml — A social qiipstioii. 

1 nti(!(iti(linii into the colonies. 
1(;19 N'iryinia — became an orpuiized system. 

Protected hy the church. 
l(!2s New York — Sanctioned hy British law. 

1741 Ne^ro Plot. 

Massachusetts. 
1637 Indians exchanged for negroes froir) 

the Barbadoes. 
1644 A statute establishing slavery. 

1688 Maryland — negro not reckoned among 

freemen. 
16G3 Established by law. 

Connecticut— time of introduction uncer- 
tain. 
Never established by statute direct. 

Rhode Island — individual negro slaves. 
Importation early prohibited. 
l(;6r> Carolina— established by law. 

Situation favorable to the trade. 
|(;7!> New Hampshire — existed from the first. 

Pensylvania — existed. 

Strong Quaker opposition. 
Georgia — ruled out by the trustees. 
1700 An act for the "regulation and 

government of slaves." 
177r> Population about .")0(),(iu(». 



NOTES AND UEFERKNCES. 35 



Treaty between England and Russia. 

Tlie boundary of Alaska and contiguous islands is fully set forth 
in the treaty of cession. 



Slavery existed in every colony in Ameri<^a, protected l)y 
their laws and encouraged by the general practice. The enactments 
upon the subject assumed the existence of shivery, without detiiiing 
who were or might be slaves. 



The famous "Body of Liberties" contained the first of such stat- 
tues in America "Williams." 



See GooDELL, History of Slavery. Wilson. Rise of Slavery. 
Williams, Negro Race in America. Bancroft, Hilubeth. 



TABUXATIOK. 



Foreign slave trade. 

Early engaged in by the colonists. 
Royal African company. 
Vigorously opposed by religious bodies. 
1774 Mentioned in the Non-importation Ar- 

ticles. 
177G Declaration of Independence. 

Slavery cause stricken out. 
Negroes in the Revolutionary war. 
Enlisted in both armies. 
Regarded as chattel property in both. 
1781 Prevailing sentiments against slavery . 

Franklin, .Jefferson, John Adams, 
Washington, Warren, Hamilton. 
1781 Articles of Confederation. 

Did not mention slavery. 

1789 The Federal Constitution. 

Recognized the fact of existing slav- 
ery. 

Three tifth compromise. 
Allowed importation until 1808. 
Limited impost on '*laves. 
Rendition of persons held to ser- 
vice. 

This point may be questioned. 
Early legislation affecting slavery 
Ratified the Ordinance of '87. 

1790 Accepted Carolina cession on conditions. — 

1790 Made District of Columbia slave territory. 

1792 Kentucky — admitted as a slave stat . 

1793 Enactment concerning return of fugitive slaves. 
1796 Tennessee — admitted as a slave state. 

Abolition Societies. 
1774 Pennsylvania Society. 

Franklin at one time president. 
1785 New York Society, 

Jay and Hamilton presidents. 
1787 Maryland society. 

1791 Virginia society. 



NOTE3 AND RKPERENCES. 



Sacrified to uniou. See Randall, Life of Jefferson. 

'■'A soldier in the lioiir of danaier, a eliattel in time of peace." 

Union must be effected, whatever the s-icrilice. 



This Ordinance pro\iibiting slavery in the Northwest Territoi;? 
first formed by the Confederate Congress in 1787. 

Slavery was to be allowed in the territory of Tennessee. It was 
made such by reenaoting the laws of Maryland and Virginia in re* 
gard to Slavery. 

Sacred right of trial by jury violated by the law of 1793. 



aa fAfitTLAtioi'. 



'■V J ^ Auxiliary societies. 

1794 National convention. 

Ten societies represented. 
Circulated publications. 
Petitioned Conyress. 

Favorably recei ved . 
Legislative action m the several states. 
1777 Vermont — slaves free by her constitution; 

Massachusetts— slaves free under lior cons- 
titution. 
I7JMI' Federal ceususenuMTerates mi> slaves- 

Pennsylvania — gradual enjani-ipation. 
^84(^ Census shows sixty four slaves. 

178;^ New Hainpshire^abolisaed shivery by 

her constitution. 
179(1' Census shows one luindrcd and lifty - 

eight. 
Rhodelsland — early abolition nn)venients, 
17911 Knur»erates i>32 slave-*. 

1784 Connecticut — gradual emancipation. 

1840' Cetisus reports seventeen. 

1799 New work — gradual emanci|)ati()ii. 

1827 Ten thousand slaves n»anuinatted. 

1840' Census reports still four. 

179s Slave trafftc abolished in all tiu- States be- 

fore date. 

Resumed by 8on1h Carolina. 
Extension of slave Teiiitory. 
J787 to. 

1802 Cession from Ueorgia ai.tl tlu- Can ' 

linas. 

1819 Purchase of Plorida. 

R<:)sult — Semin ol« Wat . 

1820 Missouri struggle lor vest rict ion- 

Compromise — 'Sif ;i0' 
J820 to 

187U Sc'cojkI f»<'i-i«(l— a bitter political strife. 
Anti-slavery movement. 

Leaders — Lundy, I^)vej()y, Garrison 

Greeley., 
Papers — Liberator, Emancipator, etc. 



NOl'ES AND REtfERENCBS. 30 



The more modern idea of thesacredness of State institutions did 
not seem to liave found favor at tiiat time. 



GooDBLii, History of Slavery. The autliority of this work is un 
questioned. 



In 1840 one slare is enumerated in the State. See Goodell, pp. 
113i 

1840 reports of tlve. 



The only states in the union actually non^slave holding in 184(1 
were, Massachusetts, Maine, Vermont, Michigan. 

On increase and dimiuuitiou of slave population See Goodei.l, 
pp. 116* 



See PARfON, Life of Jackson. VanHolsT. Political tlistoJ'.V, 
This was in the interest of slavery. See Life of Clay. Benton'h 
Abridgements. Calhoun, Life and Works. 



See Life and Works of each, especially Lite of Garrison. 



40 TABULATION. 



Insurrections — at Southampton. 

Nat Turner and fol- 
lowers. 
1817 Colonization societies. 

Object — To colonize free ne- 
groes. 
Its work impractical, im- 
possible. 
Underground Railroad. 
Secret organization. 
is;j;i American Anti-Slavery society or- 

ganized. 

Mob violence to its measures. 
Attempt to suppress the meas- 
ures by authortiy. 
Petitions to congress. 

"Gag" resolutions. 
Suppression of the Slave Trade. 
1S42 Webster — Ashburton treaty. 

Squadrons to be maintained on 
the coast. 
Extension of slave Territory, 
i^-ii) Annexation of Texas. 

1 'S4S Mexican session . 

Wilmot Proviso— to check the 

spread. 
Non-intervention cry of slave 
states. 
ISoO Compromise on slave territory. 

California admitted free. 
In Utah and New Mexico left to 

popular vote. 
Trade abolished in District of Co - 

lumbia. 
Fugition slave law. 
-Kansas struggle. 
1H'')4 Kansas Nebraska Act, "SquatteJ" 

Sovereignty." 
Civil war in Kansas. 



NOTES AND KKKKUiiN'CleS. *l 



Hknuy Clay, Houack Mann and others were supporters ol the 
society in its early day*. It never had the contidenee of the negro, 
and failed also to seeiin- the syuipathy of the anti slavery societies. 
GooDELL, pp. oJrl, seti. 



Anti Slavery Literatui'e--Dn[jui.ASs, My Bondage and My Free- 
tlom. LoGNKN, As a Slave and as a Freeman. Stowe, I'nele Tom'- 
(."abin. Uelpeu, Inipendiiiy ("I'isis. 



8ee Life of John Qiiincy Adams, 



Read. Stjmner, Are we a Nation. No Repeal »>l Uie .M'issoii\\ 
compromise. 



4:; TABrLAnox". 



In Congress — assault upon,^ Sumner. 
Federal iuterfenMice in favor of 
slavery. 
1859 Final Constitution adopted— Wyan- 

dot Constitution. 
18(il Kansas saved for free soil. 

T>siie.s— Dred Scott case— 

—Purchase of Cuba — failed. 
— African slave trade. 
— John Brown and Harper's Ferr.v. 
retleral Lej^ishition. 

Extension of slavery prol>il)ited in tlie 

Territories. 
Fmancipatin) Proclaiiiition. 

A war measure, military necessity 
Thirteenth amendment declared adopteil 

conferring personal lieedou). 
Freed men's Bureau Bill— failed. 
Civil Rights Bill— pass.^d over ihe veto. 
Second Freediiian's li'.in'.iu Bill — p;isse:l 

over the veto. 
Fourteenth Amendment. 

Conferred citizenship upo 1 theiie^ro. 
Fifteenth Amendment. 

Gave the negro jioliiirai equality 
with the uhite-i. 



HISTORY OF gMyLLIFICATIDl^, SE- 
CESSION Ag\3D RECONSTRyCTION. 

Central idea— State Sovereignty. 

Advm-ated by — Jefferson, Madison, Stephtns, Cal- 
houn, llayne, Douglas. 
1T!)S Kentucky and Virginia Ilesolutio'>s. 

Occasion — passage of Alien and Sedition Laws. 
Drafted by Jefferson and Madison. 
Import— States a party to the Federal Co'iip:ict, 
— States judge of constitutionality of icts. 
— States can make null and void. 



1S&2 




\sm 




18(i5, 


Dec. 


1866, 


Feb. 


1866, 


March 


isci;, 


July 


1868 




1S7(» 





NOTB8 AND HBrKRENCEP. 



4") 



Life of Chaules Sttmnek. 



The adinissioii of Kiiiisas under the VVj^iudot (^onatilutioii wa^ 
iavored by the House bill refused by the Senate. See Chtek.Tustick 
Tanet, Life and Works. Johnson, American Politics. 



See StTjiNEU, Phillips, G.\hij!son, 



The Slaves in the Territory (hen in arms were fleolared frn 
Tliis measure was Jiot received witli favoi- in the army. 



Reason of the veto 'vas bcciuise the Mil would interfere with 
State courts and Slate l:i\vs. 



Read. Stokv, V'anHolst, Stephens, War between the States, 

Buchanan, Adminisliiition (.n the Eve of Rebellion. Randall. 

Life of Jefferson. Loix-.t-. IJfe of C'al)f)t. Dwtght. Hlstor^• of ll:;it- 
ford Conveiili;)ii. 



44 TAHL'LATIOS. 



New England Federalism. 
ISll Hartford Convention, 

Discussed the i-oiistitutionality of the war 
measures. 
1S2') (ieoro^ia's contest with the federal jj^overninent. 
Concerning the nunoval of the Indians. 
Extinguishment of Indian land chums. 
Disregards a United .States treaty with the Creeks. 
Shows contempt of the 8u[)reme Court, 
is;?* South Carolina Nullification. 

Ordinance passed in State convention. 
Cause — disajfreement in regard to the tariff. 
State Legislature prepared for war. 
Jackson Nullification Proclamation. 
Party (A'er awed in Carolina. 
Xullifiication Triumph. 
1833 Compromise Tariff— Henry Clay 

Slavery hencforth the test of "States Rights." 
184') Recognized in —Texas annexation. 

1850 — Clay Compromise. 

1854 — Kansas Nebraska Act. 

1857 — Judge Taney's decision. 

1860 — p]lection opposition. 

1S()(> South Carolina Seceded. 

State Convention — re|)ealed ratification of the 
Constitution. 

— Issued Secession Ordinance. 
1S(>1 Southern Confederation formed. 

Under a constitution recognizing slavery and 
States rights. 
Results— armed rehellion — Civil War. 
Federal enactments as a consequence of the Rebellion. 
18G5 Joint Resolution rejecting the electoral vote 

from the rebellious states. 
1S(J7 Bill to provide Governments for the insurrec- 

tionary States. 

Passed over the veto. 
March Reconstruction ads. 

1872 Amnesty Bill became a law. 



NOTES AND KEFERENCES. 45 



More was said concerning the heresy of this body than facts 
warrant. 



The doctrine of States rights ha(i been fully tested. Georgia 
niaitaiiied successfully that the Federal authorities and the state 
governments were "parties" who had no coinnion judge, and there- 
fore each party must decide for herself. Georgia remained complete 
victor. VonIIolst, pp . 433, seq. 



"This Federal Union— it must be preserved"— Jackson. 

Read Foote, Speech ou Public Land. Reply to him oy Webster. 
Great Debate in the Senate. 



Texas was not independent unless she had seceded. 

The Personal Liberty Bills practically aniuiUed the Fugitive 
Slave law of this compromise 

Michigan passed such a l>ill in 1855. 



The government was called the Confederate States of America. 
The Constitution was modeled after the one of 1787. It forbade all 
Protective Tariffs. 



The main question was how to protecr the negro rather than t iiat 
of the exact Dosition of the states. 



as TABtJLATION. 



HISTORY OF POLITICAL PARTIES. 

Colonial Period, 1607 to 1765. 

Whi^— Iloklinof the principles of Magna Charta. 
— Exercising tliese rigiits in the colonies. 

Tory— Emphasizing the royal prerogative. 
— Colonial rights held more loosely. 

Revolutionary Perio<l, 1765 to 1776. 

Whig — Cherishing free republican institutions in the 
colonies. 
— Party organization effected on colonial questions- 
Tory — Loyalists, friends of government. 

— Claimed to act under constitutional law. 
— Fought for England in the war. 

National Period, 1776 to 1781. 

Whig — Prerogative men, who did not favor immediate 
separation from England. 
— Popular men, who favored separation now and 
forever. 
Their platform the '76 Declaration. 

Confe<leration Period, 1781 to 1789. 

Federal men — Slates individually are sovereign. 
— Became so by the '76 Declaration. 
National men — Central government sovereign. 

— In fact was so before the Declaration. 

The Con.stitiitioii. Party Adniinlstration. 1789 to 1880. 

Federal Administration, 1789 to 1800. 
Platform— Broad construction. 
— Strong government. 

Measures, Presidents Washington and Adams. 
— Assumption Act. 
— Funding Bill. 



NOTES AND HEI'ERENOES. 



47 



Colonial affairs were not materially affected by either party 
siuce the main principles of colonial government were held in 
common. 

This party was of no inconsideral)le number. 
Read. Maine, Ancient Law, pp. 91-92. 



From the minority, this party grew to be the national party be- 
fore the close of the period. Samuel Adams, .John Adams, John 
Dickinson, Elbridge Gerry, wore among the prominent leaders. 



On party organization and "Correspondence Committees" see 
Prothingham, Rise of the Republic; and Wells, Samuel Adams. 

Read. Patne, "Common Sense." Adams, Life of John Adams, 
Voi, V. 

Government in the hands of the national congress. The powers 
of the congress were determined Ijy the relation of the colonies to 
England. 



The party was at last practically a unit on the war. 

The national idea is the only logical one, and the only one sup» 
ported by facts. 

A confederation is not an individual. 

The "Articles" put the government on altogether a different 
footing. The principles were borrowed from the relations of the 
colonies to each other. 

Read. VonHolst, Voi. I, Chap. 1. Johnson, American Politics. 
Cooper, Political Parties. Closkey, Political Text- Book, 



48 TABUIiATION. 



—Tariff Act 

—Internal revenue. 

— Foreign neutmlity. 

— Naturalization laws. 

— Alien and Sediti(»n laws. 
'98 Opposing Party, Anti-Federalists, 

Plntforin — Ri<j:lits of states. 

— Sympathy with France. 
'98 — Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. 

Republican Administration, 1800 to 1828. 
Platform— Rights of states. 

— Freedom of speech. 

— Free commerce. 

— Versus standing army. 
Measures, President Jefferson. 
1803 — Louisiana Purchase. 

'07 — Embargo Act. 

'08 Elected Madison pre.-ident. 

'09 — Non-intercourse Act. 

'll — Versus U. S. BanK. 

'12 — War declared. 

'12 Re-elected Madison. 

'16 —Dallas tariff and National Bank 

'10 Elected Monroe president. 

— Internal improvements. 
'1!) — Florida Purchase. 

'20 — Missouri Compromise. 

'23 — Monroe Doctrine. 

'24 Elected Adams jjresident. 

'25-6 -Trouble with Creeks. 

'28 —The Protective Tariff. 

Opposing Party, Federalist. 
Against Embargo. 
Against unauthorized conscription. 
'14 Hartford Convention. 

Democratic Administration, 1828 to 1840. 
Platform not materially changed. 
Measures, President Jackson. 
'29 — Bemoval of officers. 

— Versus U. S. Bank. 



KOTES AND BEFEnENCES. 49 



The Anti-fedt^Tiil party with a new naine. 
Bitter hatred existed between the parties. 

See VonHolst, Chap. V. Benton, Ahridgement. Websteh, 
Speeches. 

Randall, Life of . I effer8(»ii. 



Clintonians, a small party not in favor of tlie war measures. 



It was evident during the last eif!lit \ ears of flie administration 
that piil)li(' sentiment demanded a new party. Heiiiy Clay wkn 
looked to as leader. 



Peaee Party, a small minority difterlng fiom the main i)arty on 
1 lie war (piestion. 



Prom this time the inirt> eeaserl to be known as a l)iirty. The 
eoiiventidii was exc-eedmgly damajiinji. 

The Deinoeiat piirty was a branch of the old Ke])nblican. 



60 TABULATTON-. 



'32 — Versus nullification. 

'33 — Removal of bank deposits. 

'34 — Gold and silver currency. 

'35 — Removal of the Cherokees. 

'86 — Specie Circular. 

Elected VanBuren president. 

'87 — vSub-Treasury bill. 

Opposing Parties. 

National Republican. 

Platform — Internal improvements. 
— Protective tariff. 
'32 — Versus removal of officers. 

— Land proceeds to the states. 

'34 Whig, comprised the National Republicans, Anti- 

Masons, Nullifiers. 
Platform— Versus state rebellion and federal 
usurpation. [it is. 

— Non-interference with slavery where 
— Rechartering U. S. Banks. 
^--Internal improvements. 
— Protective tariff. 
—Sub-treasury. 

— Universal education and suffrage. 
'36 Circulation of anti-slavery mail. 

'87 State banks for deposit*. 

Right of petition. 

Whig Administration, 1840 to 1844. 
Platform as in '34. 

Measures, Presidents Harrison and Tyler. 
— Versus Seminole war. 
'41 —A limited veto power. 

— A well regulated currency. 

— Reform of executive usurpation . 

Opposing Parties. 
Democrats. 

Platform — The states to judge of their own 
institutions. 



NOTES AXD HEPERENCES. 51 



The Nullifiers in '31 left the party ou the question of nullifica- 
tion. Those who did not return to the party joined .the new party 
of '34. 

The Anti-3Iasons, a branch of tlie Democratic party, opposed 
politcal seernt societies. They joined the new party of '34. 

The Loeo-focos left the Democratic party in '.'J"). They opposed 
paper money, monopolies, etc. They voted the ticket again in '37. 

This party included the ottier hrauch of the old Republican 
party. 



National Anti-slavery Society . This society was organized in 
'33. It held to the abolition of slavery. In '40 it was distinctly polit- 
ical and known as the Liberty Party. 



1843 Native American party. This party differed from the 
regular Whig in opposing the foreign born and Catholicism. 



1843 The Hunkers left the Democratic party. They preferred 
to leave slavery out of the question. They voted the regular ticket 
again in 184^. 



52 TABULATION'. 



^Versus doubtful constitutional 

power. 
— Versus sliivery ajjitation. 
— Versus tariff. 
— Versus internal iinproven)ents. 

liiherty Party. 

Platform— Extreme measures with slavery. 

Deinocratie' AdniinistvitioM, 1844 to 1848. 

Platform— Coufiress siiould not interfere with the 
reserved rijrhts of state?». 
— Versus limited veto power. 
Measures, President Polk. 
'45 — Annexation of Texas. 

'46 — JSIexican war. 

— Wiimot proviso defeated. 

Opposing Parties. 
Liljerty Party. 

Platform — Abolition of slavery. 
— Give ecjual rights. 

— Human Itrotlierhood, 

— Versus fugitive slave clause of the 

constitution. |sh\veiy, 

— General government cannot establish 

Whig. 

Platform — Nearly as i?i '.'U. 

W Iiig Administration, 1848 to 18o2. 
Pleasures, President Taylor. 

— Po|ndar Sovereignty. 
'.',0 — C"omj>romise nieasures. 

Opposing Parties. 
Democratic. 

Platform — Strict construction of '4<». 

Free Soil Democrats. 

Platform — N.»n-int«Tference with slavery in 
ihe slates. 



NOTES AND REFEUBXCE8. 53 



184;3 The Barnburners left the party. They were Free Soil 
Denidcrats and opposed to the sxteiisioii of slavery. 
Liberty Party Ticket — Biriiey and Lemoyiie. 



The i)arty was coiiinimitted to the annexation of Texas, and to 
extend OreyoM to "54 degrees and 40 minutes or fight." 



Liberty Party Tieket— Biruey and Morris. 

1845 The Liberty League bore ou its banner, "Duty is otirs, 
results are God's." 



The Silver Grays left the Whigs. They were a^zainst geograph- 
ical distiuotioiis in parties. 

Whig Ticket— Clay and Prelinghuysen. 



The Whigs were not ready for an anti-slavery platform, neither 
were the Democrats ready to adopt extreme pro-slaverj' prineipU^s. 

Democratic Ticket — Cass and lintler. 

Free Soil Demo(!raticTicket — VanBuren and Adams. 

Fusion of Liberty League, Libert}' Party and the Barnburners. 



54 TABULATTON. 



— Prohibition of slavery in the states. 
»50 — Versus compromise measures. 

Democratic Administration, 1852 to 1860. 

Platform — Strict construction. [lutions of 1798. 

■ — Adopted Ketitucliy and Virginia Reso- 
— Supported compromise of '50. 
Measures, President Pierce. 
»54 — Kansas and Nebraska Bill. 

— Congress not to interfere with slavery in 

the territories. 
— Free seas. 
'56 Elected Buchanan. 

»67 — Dred Scott case. 

— Internal improvements. 
—Pacific Railroad. 
— Ostend Manifesto. 

Opposing Parties. 
'52 Free Soil Democrats. 

Platform — Slavery a sin and crime. 

— Denounced the compromise of '50. 
— Independence of Hayti. 
— International arbitration. 

'52 Whig. 

Platform — Loose construction. 
— Compromise of '50. 
— Fugitive slave law. 
— Protective tariff. 

'.56 Republican. 

Platform — Nonextension of slavery. 

— Congress sovereign over territories. 

— Versus Kansas policy. 

— Versus slavery in territories. 

— Versus Polygamy. [:<tat€S. 

— Versus armed interference in the 

—Protective tariff. 

Republican Administration, 1860 to 1880. 

Platform — Preservation of the Union under the 
constitution. 



KOTES AND nEFERENCES. ^5 



1852 The Barubuniers fusycl with the Democrats. 



Free Soil Democratic Ticket— Hale and Julian. 

"We inscribe on our Iniiiner Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor 
and Free Men, and under it we will fight on and fight e%'er until a 
triumphant victory reward us." 

Whig ticket— Scott and Graham. 

American party dr-w off from the Whigs, taking into their 
numbers the Native American party. Versus foreign born; 



A fusion of the loose construction Whigs, Anti Nebraska men and 
the Frew Soil Democrats. 

The close construction Whigs joined tlie Democratirt jjarty. 

Republican Ticket— Fremont and Dayton. 



66 



TABULATION, 



— Freedmu in the territories. 

— K(liii\lity aiiionj; men. 

— Protective tariff. 

— Versus African slave traile. 

— Homestead Act. 
Measures, President Lincoln. 

— Wa r A dm i n ist ra t ion . 
'62 — Currency— (ireenbaclvs. 

— U. S. IjoiuIs. 
— Treasury notes. 
— National i»anl<. 
'63 — Emancipation Proclamation. 

H)-l , — Versus foreisrn powers on the American 

continent. 

— Amendment to tlie constitution, XIII. 

—Civil Rights Bill. 
'(i4 Re-elected Lincoln. 

'65 — Reconstruction. 

— Payment of National debt. 

— Foreif^n immij^ration. 
68 — Amendment to theconstitiition, XIV. 

'68 Elected U. S. Grant. 

'68 — Improvemement of credit. 

— Reduction of interest on debt. 
'70 — Amendment to tlie constitution, XV. 

'71 — Ku-Klux Act. 

— iSan Domingo. 
'72 —Civil Service Reform. 

'72 Re-elected Grant. 

'75 —Resumption. 

'76 — Specie |)ayment of bonds. 

'76 Elected R. B Ilay^s. ||)Ovvprs- 

»80 —Congress defined state and federal 

— Regulation of Chinese immigration. 
'80 Elected J A. Garfield. 

Opl)osing Parties. 
'(;(( Democrat. 

Douglas Platform— Popular vote to decide 
the question of slavery. 



NOTE* ASH REKERHNCES. W 



State Sovereignty and Nationality came to 1»U)W,-!. State Sov- 
«»reijtnty was defeated; and slavery, which had l)eeu the basis of its 
politicai supreinuvy was abolished. 



1870 The Freedmen l)ecaraea faotor \ii the Hepubliian Party. 

1870 The Iiiberals left the party. Platform of '72 versus ceo* 
tralized power and repudiation. In '72 they fused with tho Demo- 
• rats, and in "7C voted the Republican ticket again. 



1871 The Temperance men left the party. 



1870 The Independents left the party bn I returned in a short 
time. 



Ticket — Douglas and Johnson. 



58 TAffOXATTCW, 



—The Supreme Court to decide all 

questious of constitutional law, 
— Complete protection to all citizens. 
— Pa ci ti c ra i 1 road . 
— Purchase of Cuba. 
— Support tlie Fugitive Slave Law. 

Breckenridge Platform — Protection of slavery 
in the territories. 
—States admitted without restrictions, 

'60 Constitutional Union, 

Platform — The Constitution of the country. 
—The Union of States. 
— The enforcement of the laws. 

'64 Northern Democrats. 

Platform,—Peace by a convention of ti>e state.-*. 
— Civil law versus military. 

'G8 Democrats. (Party ajra in united.) 

Platform — Universal amnesty. 
— Reduction of army, 
— Taxation of bonds. 
— Versus h'reedman's Bureau. 
-Suflfrag-e controlled by the states. 

'72 LU^eral Republicans and Democrats. 

Platform — Equality of men. 

— Un i versa! amnesty . 

— Versus centralized power. 

—Civil Service R'^form. 

— Versus repudiation. 

— Specie payment. 

— Public domain for settlers. 

— One term. 

'72 Temperance Party. 

Platform— Lejjal proliihition. 

— Direct vote for president. 

— Currency convertable into coin. 

— Fostering education. 



NOTES AN1> UEPKRENCES. JS> 



Ticket— Breokeiiriiltre and Lnne. 

Tilt' other points in the Douglas i)hitri>rm \vere ii'l-o adnpte'd hy 
Itiis branch. 

The old American party. 

Constitutional Union Ticl^wt— Bell and Everett. 

They were known as a "peace jjarty.^' 

Vote not taken in the Conf<^dcrnte State?:. 

Northern Democratic Ticket— McClellan and Petidletoiu 



Democratic Ti<^ket — Seymour and Blair, Jr. 



1kT2 The Democrats fused with the Liberal Repnl)licans. 



Liberal R«puhlicnii and Democratic Ticket — Greeley and Brown. 
The part of the party known as "Straight Outs" voted their own 
ticket. 



For a full statement of all the platforms, see Cooper, American 
Politics, Houghton, Conspectus. 



Called by some authors Proliibition at this tim". 

Temperance Ticket--Blaclv and Colquitt. 

This was the first time t he party puta ticket in the tield. 



CO TABrLATIOV. 

'72 Labor Reloriri Piirty. 

Plailorm — Versus iM'ison system of labor. 

— Public lands free. 
— Modified tariff. 

— Versus (.^Iii nesc labor. 
— Eiylit hour system. 
— General airiuesty. 

— Taxation of bonds. 

— K(l'Mtal)le railroad rates. 

'72 StraiyliT-Out Deinocrats, 

Platform — StriL-t ooiistruction. 

—Principle versus majority. 

'7G Independent Party. (Greenback.) 

Plattorm— ConvertableU. S. Nott^. 
— Versus National hanks. 
— Versus Coreij?!! ssde of bonds. 
— Fractional currency vs. silver. 
— Versus Resuujption Act. 

'7G Prohibition Party. 

Platform — Le^al prohibition. 
— S^d)i>atll laws. 
— Compulsory education. 
— Public lands for settlers. 

— Un i versal suffrage. 

'76 Labor Reform, had no ticket in the field. 

'70 Democratic Party. 

IMattbrm — Versus Resumption Act. 
— Ver.-,us troops at polls. 
— Versus Electoral Commission. 
—Versus leo[islation for monopolies, 
— Tariff for revenue only. 
— Liiriited Chinese immi<rration. 
— Civil Service Rtform. 

'30 Prohibition Party. 

Platform — Woman'.s Suffrage. 



NOTES AND REFERENCES. 61 



Trades unions became a political ma<;liine. 

Ticket— 

This was the first party ticket. 



They disapproved the action of the paity at tlie Baltimore Con- 
vention and repudiated the "Liberal Republican" platform. Tick- 
et — O'Connor and Adams. This was their only ticket. 

The Granger's organization of Tiibt^came a political oj-gaiiization. 



Independent Ticket — Cooper and Carey. 

This was the first appearance of this p iity. It was known later 
as the American National, or Greenback party. 



Prohibition Ticket — Smith and Stewart. 



1880 The party joined the National party. 

Democratic Ticket — Tilden and Hendricks. 

Tlieir platform denounced and demanded in no iinccilain terms. 

On the "electoral count" which declared against the party see 
Cooper, pp. 229-237. 



Ticket^ 



02 TABULATION. 

— Versus Ieo:alizing drink traffic. 

— Versus drinking system. [traffic. 

— Conijre.-is should control drink 

'8!) Xationul (Greenback) Party. [currency. 

Platrbrin — Payment of bonds in legal tender 

— National government to control all 

currency. 
— Versus iuono[)olies and increase of 

standing armies. 
— Regulation of inter-state commerce. 
— Public domain for actual settlers. 
— Unlimited coinage ofsilver and gold 
— Enforcement of eigiit hour law. 
— Versus restriction of rights of 

suffrage. 
— Versus Chinc'^e immigration. 
— Versus convict labor. 

'SI) DcuKjcratic Party. 

Platform not changed from '70. 

'8(1 National Liberal. 

Plotform— Total separation of Church and State 
— Ve'-sus SaLbath laws and cha- 
plaincies, [religious purposes. 
—Versus public appropriations for 
— Taxation of cluirch property. 
—Secularization of public schools. 



NOTES AND HEFEItENCES. (>{ 



"We demand a government for the people, instead of a govern- 
ment tor the bondholder." 

•'(Corporate control of the volume of money has been the means 
of building up monopolies. It has kept money scarce. Scarce mon- 
ey enforces debt-trade, debt brings usury/usury ends in bankruptcy.' 



"Fair and uniform rates for passensrer and freight traffic secured 
by legislation." 
Ticket — Weaver and Chambers. 

"Slavery is simply cheap labor, cheap labor is simply slavery, 
Chinese labor is cheap, therefore it tends to brutalize American la- 
bor." 

Democratic Ticket — Ha".eoek and English 
Tammany split off from the party. 



This platform was drawn ui) in convention at Cincinnatti, Sept. 
1879. This party found its origin in the Liberal League of ^ few 
years previous. 



